HEART ATTACK

   Myocardial infarction which is also known as Heart Attack is caused by a blockage in a coronary artery. The myocardium loses its oxygen supply, and undergoes ischaemic change.

There are two main types of myocardial infarctions:

[i] NSTEMI (non S-T elevated myocardial infarction) - The coronary artery is only partially blocked. Ischaemic damage to partial thickness of the myocardium.

[ii] STEMI (S-T elevated myocardial infarction) where the coronary artery is completely blocked. Ischaemic damage to the full thickness of the myocardium.

   The most common cause of a myocardial infarction is an atheroma (lipid collection in the artery walls).

   Risk factors for myocardial infarctions include obesity, high blood pressure, smoking and diabetes.

What could the surgical removal of the womb mean?

   Hysterectomy is defined as the surgical removal of the uterus (womb), usually as a result of cervical or uterine cancer.

   When performing a hysterectomy, a good knowledge of regional anatomy is needed to prevent accidentally damaging other structures in the pelvic region. In summary, performing the surgery must be done by an experienced Surgeon.

THE VERACITY OF GOD

   This refers to His truth, or an exact correspondence and conformity between His Word and His mind.

   Moses says, "He is a God of truth." He is true in and of himself; he truly and really exists; He is the true and living God: all His perfections are true and real; truth is essential to Him; it is pure and perfect in Him; it is the first and original in Him; He is the fountain of truth: all His works in creation, providence, and grace, are according to truth.

BACKSLIDING - the danger zone

   This refers to the act of turning from the path of duty. It may be considered as partial when applied to true believers, who do not backslide with the whole bent of their will; as voluntary, when applied to those who, after professing to know the truth, wilfully turn from it, and live in the practice of sin; as final, when the mind is given up to judicial hardness, as in the case of Judas.

Causes of Backsliding

   The causes of backsliding includes: the cares of the world; improper connections; inattention to secret or closet duties; self-conceit and self-dependence; indulgence; listening to and parleying with temptations.

   A backsliding state is manifested by indifference to prayer and self-examination; trifling or unprofitable conversation; neglect of public ordinances; shunning the people of God; associating with the world; thinking lightly of sin; neglect of the Bible; and often by gross immorality.

Consequences of Backsliding

   The consequences of this awful state are loss of character; loss of comfort; loss of usefulness; and, as long as any remain in this state, a loss of a well-grounded hope of future happiness.

Escape Route

   To avoid this state or recover from it, we should beware of the first appearance of sin; be much in prayer; attend the ordinances; and unite with the people of God. We should consider the awful instances of apostasy, as Saul, Judas, Demas; the many warnings we have of it, [Matthew 24v13, Hebrews 10v38, Luke 9v62], how it grieves the Holy Spirit; and how wretched it makes us; above all things, our dependence should be on God, that we may always be directed by his Spirit, and kept by his power.

THE PREMATURE KIDNEY

   Renal dysgenesis is a term that is used to describe any underdevelopment of the kidneys. In a nutshell it is a term used to describe premature kidneys.

Forms of Renal Dysgenesis

There are two main forms of renal dysgenesis, and they include:

[i] Renal agenesis – this is a term used to describe the complete failure of one or both kidneys to develop. It is most commonly unilateral.

[ii] Renal hypoplasia – this describes a situation in which the kidneys develop with a normal architecture, but are of a smaller size.

The 'man' behind SEVERE ABDOMINAL PAIN.

   Appendicitis is described as the acute inflammation of the appendix, and it is the most common cause for acute, severe abdominal pain. The abdomen is most tender at McBurney’s point which is a one third of the distance from the right anterior superior iliac spine to the umbilicus. This corresponds to the location of the base of the appendix.
  The aetiology depends on age. In the young, it is mostly due to an increase in lymphoid tissue size, which occludes the lumen. From 30 years old onwards, it is more likely to be blocked due to faecal matter (faeces).
   Initially, the appendix cannot drain, and so increases in size, stretching the visceral peritoneum. This causes a vague pain in the periumbilical region. As the appendix swells, it irritates the parietal peritoneum, and causes severe pain in the right lower quadrant.
   If the appendix is not removed, it can become necrotic and rupture, resulting in peritonitis (inflammation of the peritoneum) which if not attended to immediately may result in DEATH.

Conclusion:
If you have a severe abdominal pain, you are hereby advised to see a Doctor, and not taking part in self-medication (taking drugs without prescription from the pharmacist or Doctor).

PULMONARY EMBOLISM

   Pulmonary embolism refers to the obstruction of a pulmonary artery by a substance that has travelled from elsewhere in the body. The most common emboli are:

Thrombus - responsible for the majority of cases and usually arises in a distant vein.

Fat – following a bone fracture or orthopaedic surgery.

Air – following cannulation in the neck.

   The effect of a pulmonary embolism is a reduction in lung perfusion. This results in decreased blood oxygenation, and the accumulation of blood in the right ventricle of the heart.

Clinical features include: 

Dyspnoea, chest pain, cough, haemoptysis and tachypnoea. In clinical medicine, the Wells’ score is used to assess the probability of pulmonary embolism.

Definitive treatment: 

This involves anticoagulation and thrombolytic therapy which play a role in reducing the size of the embolus, and preventing further clotting.

ANOSMIA

   This is a pathologic condition in which there is loss of sense of smell caused by damage to the olfactory nerve. 

   The olfactory nerve fibres run through the cribriform plate, and can be ‘sheared’, therefore damage to the cribriform plate will cause Anosmia.

THE DEATH OF A NERVOUS TISSUE

   Spinal cord infarction (also known as a spinal stroke) refers to the death of a nervous tissue, which results from an interruption of the arterial supply.

Clinical signs of spinal cord infarction:

   These include muscle weakness and paralysis with loss of reflexes. The most common causes of infarction are vertebral fractures or dislocations, vasculitic disease, atheromatous disease, or external compression (example: abdominal tumours).

   95% of spinal cord ischaemic events are to the anterior aspect of the spinal cord, with the posterior columns preserved.

Treatment is by reversal of any known cause.

source: Teachmeanatomy.com

For definition of terms, use the wikipedia search button available on the blog.

BREAKING THE BONDS OF PORNOGRAPHY

   Are you addicted to porn and wish to be set free? As a child of God, watching pornography creates a demarcation between you and God. If you are in this snare, it is time for you to consider and examine your life.
   The Bible makes us to understand that: our body is the temple of the Holy Ghost... Therefore by indulging in this act, we tend to defile the temple of the Holy Ghost.
   Based on research and personal confessions, I have discovered that most of the pornography addicts were exposed to pornography at a tender age, thereby finding it very difficult to let go of the addiction.
Below are 10 vital suggestions that will help you break free from the bonds and chains of pornography addiction.

1. First, you must acknowledge the addiction exists. Many who are caught in the trap of addiction will adamantly deny the problem. He who conceals his transgressions will not prosper, but he who confesses and forsakes them will find compassion. – Proverbs 28:13

2. You must recognize that what you are doing is wrong. Addicts find a way to justify their problem in their mind. For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes and the boastful pride of life, is not from the Father, but is from the world. – IJohn 2:16

3. You must not blame others – “If my wife/husband were just more affectionate.” … “If women/men were not so seductive.” Adam blamed Eve and she blamed the serpent. Instead, you must begin to take responsibility for your actions.

4. Make yourself accountable to a spiritual authority, perhaps a pastor or mature believer. Everybody needs a “safe” person to share their struggles with. Therefore, confess your sins to one another and pray for one another, so that you may be healed. The effective prayer of a righteous man can accomplish much. James 5:16

5. You must recognize that “will power” is not the answer . At a weak moment, your “will” may fail you. By admitting that you are in need of God’s help, you open access to His supernatural intervention in your life. You must yield your will to God’s will. That’s when He can begin a new work in your life.

6. Study the Word of God concerning sexual purity. Therefore putting aside all filthiness and all that remains of wickedness, in humility receive the Word implanted, which is able to save your souls. –James 1:21

7. You must destroy any pornography in your possession. You can’t wean yourself off pornography. Think of the hidden pornography in your home as a ticking time bomb that will ultimately destroy your life, family and marriage.

8. You must learn to flee temptation . Self-deception may enter when you think you can play with fire without getting burned. Do not enter the path of the wicked, and do not proceed in the way of evil men. Avoid it, do not pass by it. Turn away from it and pass on. – Proverbs 4:14,15

9. Give yourself time to work through the process of recovery. More often than not, God chooses to take us through a learning and growing process, that can be very painful. Victory over addiction should be viewed as a marathon, not a sprint.

10. It’s cliche, but you must approach your addiction one day at a time. Look for little victories and rejoice in the progress you’re making. Recovery is a 'cinch by the inch', but a 'trial by the mile'.
(Source: www.newlife.com)

This is the conclusion of the matter: pornography is a disease that has really affected teenagers and youths, even some married men or women engage in doing this. If after reading this article, you have questions to ask, you can either call +2348138370965, drop your comments in the comment box or send an email to sandyisaacmichael@gmail.com

GASTRO-ESOPHAGEAL REFLUX DISEASE

   This is also called GERD in it's shortened form. It is a digestive disorder affecting the lower esophageal sphincter. It refers to the movement of gastric acid and food into the esophagus. GERD is a common condition, affecting 5-7% of the population. Symptoms include: chronic heartburn, dysphagia, and an unpleasant sour taste in the mouth.

Causes of GERD:

There are three main causes of reflux disease:

(i) Dysfunction of the lower esophageal sphincter

(ii) Delayed gastric emptying

(iii) Hiatal hernia

Treatment:

Treatment involves lifestyle changes which includes dietary changes, medication, and as a last resort, surgery.

TERATOLOGY

Definition

   Teratology is the study of birth defects (structural, functional, and physiological). Wikipedia defines it as the study of abnormalities of physiological development. These abnormalities are caused by teratogens, which are  substances that may cause birth defects via a toxic effect on an embryo or foetus.

Origin of the word

   The term teratology originates from the Greek τέρας teras (genitive τέρατος teratos), meaning "monster" or "marvel", and λόγος logos, meaning "the study of".

Principles of teratology

   These principles were put forth by Jim Wilson in 1959, in his monograph 'Environment and Birth Defects'. They guide the study and understanding of teratogenic agents and their effects on developing organisms. They include:

(i) Susceptibility to teratogenesis depends on the genotype of the conceptus and the manner in which this interacts with adverse environmental factors.

(ii) Susceptibility to teratogenesis varies with the developmental stage at the time of exposure to an adverse influence. There are critical periods of susceptibility to agents and organ systems affected by these agents.

(iii) Teratogenic agents act in specific ways on developing cells and tissues to initiate sequences of abnormal developmental events.

(iv) The access of adverse influences to developing tissues depends on the nature of the influence. Several factors affect the ability of a teratogen to contact a developing conceptus, such as the nature of the agent itself, route and degree of maternal exposure, rate of placental transfer and systemic absorption, and composition of the maternal and embryonic/fetal genotypes.

(v) There are four manifestations of deviant development (Death, Malformation, Growth Retardation and Functional Defect).

(vi) Manifestations of deviant development increase in frequency and degree as dosage increases from the No Observable Adverse Effect Level (NOAEL) to a dose producing 100% Lethality (LD100).

Conclusion

   Teratology is moving to a more molecular level, seeking the mechanism of action by which these agents act. Understanding how a teratogen causes its effect is not only important in preventing congenital abnormalities but also has the potential for developing new therapeutic drugs safe for use with pregnant women. The study of teratogens and how they act is therefore of great importance in the medical field.

SIN and GETTING RIGHT WITH GOD

What is sin?    
   Sin separates you from having a fellowship with God. “Sin is lawlessness.” (1 John 3:4) It includes giving in to temptation. (James 1:13-15) Refusing to do what is right. “…whoever knows the right thing to do and fails to do it, for him it is sin.” (James 4:17) Even “whatever does not proceed from faith is sin.” (Romans 14:23) And “sin when it is fully grown brings forth death.” (James 1:15)

Let's be real with this matter:

   If this is true, there aren’t just “seven deadly sins,” are there? All sin is “mortal!” Classifying sins only hides that fact. We’ve all done and thought things that would make us God’s enemy: “On account of these the wrath of God is coming.” (Colossians 3:6).

How can we get right with God again?

   Repent and confess your sins. “If we confess our sins, he is faithful and just to forgive us our sins and to cleanse us from all unrighteousness." (1 John 1:9)

MEET THE 'FATHER OF ANATOMY'

Who is he?

  His name is Andreas Vesalius. He was a 16th-century Flemish/Netherlandish anatomist, physician, and author of one of the most influential books on human anatomy, De humani corporis fabrica (On the Fabric of the Human Body). Vesalius is referred to as the founder of modern human anatomy. He was a renaissance physician who revolutionized the study of biology and the practice of medicine by his careful description of the human Anatomy.

Where did he live?

  Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) Andreas Vesalius was born on 31 December 1514 in Brussels, Belgium, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. He came from a family of physicians and both his father and grandfather had served the holy Roman emperor.

His death

    In 1564 Vesalius went on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, some said, after being accused of dissecting a living body. He sailed with the Venetian fleet under James Malatesta via Cyprus. When he reached Jerusalem he received a message from the Venetian senate requesting him again to accept the Paduan professorship, which had become vacant on the death of his friend and pupil Fallopius.

   After struggling for many days with adverse winds in the Ionian Sea, he was shipwrecked on the island of Zakynthos. Here he soon died, in such debt that a benefactor kindly paid for his funeral. At the time of his death he was scarcely fifty years of age. He was buried somewhere on the island of Corfu.

   The detail above is just a brief description on the Father of Human Anatomy. If you desire to know more about him, you can do some personal research.